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Evaluation of the concentration of chemical elements in suspended particulate matter inside a small bronze and iron foundry industry, using a streaker sampler and EDXRF
Author(s) -
Massoni Paulo Rogério,
Almeida Eduardo,
Cançado José Eduardo Delfini,
Nascimento Filho Virgílio Franco
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
x‐ray spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.447
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1097-4539
pISSN - 0049-8246
DOI - 10.1002/xrs.2509
Subject(s) - particulates , foundry , bronze , cast iron , metallurgy , molding (decorative) , fraction (chemistry) , materials science , analytical chemistry (journal) , casting , chemistry , environmental chemistry , composite material , chromatography , organic chemistry
The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the temporal profiles of the concentration of chemical elements in the suspended particulate matter present inside a small bronze and an iron foundry industry. To collect the samples, we used a streaker sampler that separates particles with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 10 µm (PM 10 ) in two fractions: fine (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm; PM 2.5 ) and coarse (between 2.5 µm and less than 10 µm; PM 10–2.5 ). The collection of samples was taken every 20 min during a total time of 8 and 5 h of molding and casting of bronze and iron, respectively. The samples collected in the form of strips on a filter (fine fraction) and an impactor (coarse fraction) were analyzed by the energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence technique. In the excitation, an X‐ray tube with Mo target and Zr filter was used, operated at 30 mA/30 kV. For detecting the characteristic of X‐rays, a semiconductor Si(Li) detector was used, coupled to a multi‐channel spectrometer, with a 300 s excitation/detection time. The results of the temporal profiles of chemical element concentrations in coarse and fine fractions were discussed and compared with the maximum levels set by the Brazilian and international environmental agencies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.