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Identification of soldering and welding processes in ancient gold jewelry by micro‐XRF spectroscopy
Author(s) -
Scrivano S.,
GómezTubío B.,
OrtegaFeliu I.,
Ager F. J.,
MorenoSuárez A. I.,
Respaldiza M. A.,
Bandera M. L.,
Marmolejo A.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
x‐ray spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.447
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1097-4539
pISSN - 0049-8246
DOI - 10.1002/xrs.2482
Subject(s) - soldering , welding , metallurgy , materials science , archaeology , history
In science applied to cultural heritage, the study of the manufacturing procedures of ancient metal artifacts is of particular relevance. In fact, metal manufacturing is correlated with the development of civilization. The aim of this work is to reconstruct, by means of experimental archeology, the ancient soldering and welding processes, in order to identify them in archeological samples using a portable micro X‐ray fluorescence (micro‐XRF) system. This portable and nondestructive technique provides a useful method for characterizing the manufacturing of ancient gold jewelry. Various gold alloys were produced with different Ag and Cu content to simulate real cases. Besides, on the basis of archeometallurgy techniques, replicas of decorations were fabricated following the ancient recipes such as those described in Naturalis Historia and Leiden Papyrus X. The content of Au, Ag, and Cu within the soldering or welding areas was quantified with the micro‐XRF technique. The methodology described in this work was applied to the particular case of alloys with high gold concentrations, such as Tartessic jewelry (700–500 BC), to identify the different welding and soldering techniques. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.