Premium
Small RNA and transcriptional upregulation
Author(s) -
Portnoy Victoria,
Huang Vera,
Place Robert F.,
Li LongCheng
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
wiley interdisciplinary reviews: rna
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.225
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1757-7012
pISSN - 1757-7004
DOI - 10.1002/wrna.90
Subject(s) - argonaute , rna interference , biology , microrna , rna , rna induced silencing complex , small interfering rna , small rna , gene , rna silencing , gene expression , trans acting sirna , rasirna , computational biology , mechanism (biology) , epigenetics , piwi interacting rna , gene silencing , regulation of gene expression , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics , philosophy , epistemology
Small RNA molecules, such as microRNA and small interfering RNA, have emerged as master regulators of gene expression through their ability to suppress target genes in a phenomenon collectively called RNA interference (RNAi). There is growing evidence that small RNAs can also serve as activators of gene expression by targeting gene regulatory sequences. This novel mechanism, known as RNA activation (RNAa), appears to be conserved in at least mammalian cells and triggered by both endogenous and artificially designed small RNAs. RNAa depends on Argonaute proteins, but possesses kinetics distinct from that of RNAi. Epigenetic changes are associated with RNAa and may contribute to transcriptional activation of target genes, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Given the potential of RNAa as a molecular tool for studying gene function and as a therapeutic for disease, further research is needed to completely elucidate its molecular mechanism in order to refine the rules for target selection and improve strategies for exploiting it therapeutically. WIREs RNA 2011 2 748–760 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.90 This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs