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RNA nucleotide methylation
Author(s) -
Motorin Yuri,
Helm Mark
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
wiley interdisciplinary reviews: rna
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.225
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1757-7012
pISSN - 1757-7004
DOI - 10.1002/wrna.79
Subject(s) - rna , rna editing , biology , non coding rna , small nuclear rna , rna directed dna methylation , ribozyme , rna silencing , transfer rna , rna methylation , rna splicing , methylation , methyltransferase , genetics , microbiology and biotechnology , gene expression , gene , dna methylation , rna interference
Methylation of RNA occurs at a variety of atoms, nucleotides, sequences and tertiary structures. Strongly related to other posttranscriptional modifications, methylation of different RNA species includes tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, tmRNA, snRNA, snoRNA, miRNA, and viral RNA. Different catalytic strategies are employed for RNA methylation by a variety of RNA‐methyltransferases which fall into four superfamilies. This review outlines the different functions of methyl groups in RNA, including biophysical, biochemical and metabolic stabilization of RNA, quality control, resistance to antibiotics, mRNA reading frame maintenance, deciphering of normal and altered genetic code, selenocysteine incorporation, tRNA aminoacylation, ribotoxins, splicing, intracellular trafficking, immune response, and others. Connections to other fields including gene regulation, DNA repair, stress response, and possibly histone acetylation and exocytosis are pointed out. WIREs RNA 2011 2 611–631 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.79 This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification