Premium
Regulation and outcomes of localized RNA translation
Author(s) -
Gasparski Alexander N.,
Mason Devon E.,
Moissoglu Konstadinos,
Mili Stavroula
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
wiley interdisciplinary reviews: rna
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.225
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1757-7012
pISSN - 1757-7004
DOI - 10.1002/wrna.1721
Subject(s) - translation (biology) , cytoplasm , microbiology and biotechnology , rna , messenger rna , biology , cytoskeleton , p bodies , transcriptome , soma , function (biology) , cell , gene expression , gene , genetics , neuroscience
Spatial segregation of mRNAs in the cytoplasm of cells is a well‐known biological phenomenon that is widely observed in diverse species spanning different kingdoms of life. In mammalian cells, localization of mRNAs has been documented and studied quite extensively in highly polarized cells, most notably in neurons, where localized mRNAs function to direct protein production at sites that are quite distant from the soma. Recent studies have strikingly revealed that a large proportion of the cellular transcriptome exhibits polarized distributions even in cells that lack an obvious need for long‐range transport, such as fibroblasts or epithelial cells. This review focuses on emerging concepts regarding the functional outcomes of mRNA targeting in the cytoplasm of such cells. We also discuss regulatory mechanisms controlling these events, with an emphasis on the role of cell mechanics and the organization of the cytoskeleton. This article is categorized under: Translation > Regulation RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization