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Nuclear sorting of RNA
Author(s) -
Garland William,
Jensen Torben Heick
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
wiley interdisciplinary reviews: rna
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.225
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1757-7012
pISSN - 1757-7004
DOI - 10.1002/wrna.1572
Subject(s) - rna , biology , non coding rna , microbiology and biotechnology , nuclear export signal , ribonucleoprotein , long non coding rna , messenger rna , small nuclear rna , rna editing , intron , small nucleolar rna , biogenesis , computational biology , genetics , gene
The majority of the mammalian genome is transcribed by RNA polymerase II, yielding a vast amount of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) in addition to the standard production of mRNA. The typical nuclear biogenesis of mRNA relies on the tightly controlled coupling of co‐ and post‐transcriptional processing events, which ultimately results in the export of transcripts into the cytoplasm. These processes are subject to surveillance by nuclear RNA decay pathways to prevent the export of aberrant, or otherwise “non‐optimal,” transcripts. However, unlike mRNA, many long ncRNAs are nuclear retained and those that maintain enduring functions must employ precautions to evade decay. Proper sorting and localization of RNA is therefore an essential activity in eukaryotic cells and the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes during early stages of RNA synthesis is central to deciding such transcript fate. This review details our current understanding of the pathways and factors that direct RNAs towards a particular destiny and how transcripts combat the adverse conditions of the nucleus. This article is categorized under: RNA Export and Localization > Nuclear Export/Import RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications