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The multifaceted roles of RNA binding in APOBEC cytidine deaminase functions
Author(s) -
Prohaska Kimberly M.,
Bennett Ryan P.,
Salter Jason D.,
Smith Harold C.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
wiley interdisciplinary reviews: rna
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.225
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1757-7012
pISSN - 1757-7004
DOI - 10.1002/wrna.1226
Subject(s) - apobec , rna , rna editing , cytidine deaminase , cytidine , biology , dna , rna binding protein , biochemistry , nucleic acid , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , enzyme , genome
Cytidine deaminases have important roles in the regulation of nucleoside/deoxynucleoside pools for DNA and RNA synthesis. The APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases (named after the first member of the family that was described, Apo lipoprotein B mRNA E diting C atalytic Subunit 1 , also known as APOBEC1 or A1 ) is a fascinating group of mutagenic proteins that use RNA and single‐stranded DNA ( ssDNA ) as substrates for their cytidine or deoxycytidine deaminase activities. APOBEC proteins and base‐modification nucleic acid editing have been the subject of numerous publications, reviews, and speculation. These proteins play diverse roles in host cell defense, protecting cells from invading genetic material, enabling the acquired immune response to antigens and changing protein expression at the level of the genetic code in mRNA or DNA . The amazing power these proteins have for interphase cell functions relies on structural and biochemical properties that are beginning to be understood. At the same time, the substrate selectivity of each member in the family and their regulation remains to be elucidated. This review of the APOBEC family will focus on an open question in regulation, namely what role the interactions of these proteins with RNA have in editing substrate recognition or allosteric regulation of DNA mutagenic and host‐defense activities. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:493–508. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1226 This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule–RNA Interactions RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs