Open AccessDiagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: proposals for ICD‐11
Author(s) -
Maercker Andreas,
Brewin Chris R.,
Bryant Richard A.,
Cloitre Marylene,
Ommeren Mark,
Jones Lynne M.,
Humayan Asma,
Kagee Ashraf,
Llosa Augusto E.,
Rousseau Cécile,
Somasundaram Daya J.,
Souza Renato,
Suzuki Yuriko,
Weissbecker Inka,
Wessely Simon C.,
First Michael B.,
Reed Geoffrey M.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
world psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 15.51
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 2051-5545
pISSN - 1723-8617
DOI - 10.1002/wps.20057
Subject(s) - conceptualization , medicine , psychiatry , acute stress disorder , adjustment disorders , traumatic stress , grief , mental health , public health , medical diagnosis , interpersonal communication , nosology , clinical psychology , posttraumatic stress , psychology , anxiety , social psychology , nursing , pathology , artificial intelligence , computer science
The diagnostic concepts of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other disorders specifically associated with stress have been intensively discussed among neuro‐ and social scientists, clinicians, epidemiologists, public health planners and humanitarian aid workers around the world. PTSD and adjustment disorder are among the most widely used diagnoses in mental health care worldwide. This paper describes proposals that aim to maximize clinical utility for the classification and grouping of disorders specifically associated with stress in the forthcoming 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11). Proposals include a narrower concept for PTSD that does not allow the diagnosis to be made based entirely on non‐specific symptoms; a new complex PTSD category that comprises three clusters of intra‐ and interpersonal symptoms in addition to core PTSD symptoms; a new diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder, used to describe patients that undergo an intensely painful, disabling, and abnormally persistent response to bereavement; a major revision of “adjustment disorder” involving increased specification of symptoms; and a conceptualization of “acute stress reaction” as a normal phenomenon that still may require clinical intervention. These proposals were developed with specific considerations given to clinical utility and global applicability in both low‐ and high‐income countries.