Open AccessGrid impacts of wind power: a summary of recent studies in the United States
Author(s) -
Parsons Brian,
Milligan Michael,
Zavadil Bob,
Brooks Daniel,
Kirby Brendan,
Dragoon Ken,
Caldwell Jim
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
wind energy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.743
H-Index - 92
eISSN - 1099-1824
pISSN - 1095-4244
DOI - 10.1002/we.111
Subject(s) - wind power , grid , electric power system , base load power plant , power grid , engineering , renewable energy , operations research , environmental science , power (physics) , electrical engineering , distributed generation , geography , physics , geodesy , quantum mechanics
Several detailed technical investigations of grid ancillary service impacts of wind power plants in the United States have recently been performed. These studies were applied to Xcel Energy (in Minnesota) and PacifiCorp and the Bonneville Power Administration (both in the northwestern United States). Although the approaches vary, three utility time frames appear to be most at issue: regulation, load following and unit commitment. This article describes and compares the analytic frameworks from recent analysis and discusses the implications and cost estimates of wind integration. The findings of these studies indicate that relatively large‐scale wind generation will have an impact on power system operation and costs, but these impacts and costs are relatively low at penetration rates that are expected over the next several years. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.