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Evaluation of PVC formulations meeting the various cell classifications in ASTM D‐3034
Author(s) -
Kupfer A. D.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
journal of vinyl technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.295
H-Index - 35
eISSN - 1548-0585
pISSN - 0193-7197
DOI - 10.1002/vnl.730110211
Subject(s) - filler (materials) , izod impact strength test , materials science , ultimate tensile strength , composite material , polyvinyl chloride , calcium carbonate , melt flow index , polymer , copolymer
Most PVC gravity sewer pipe is manufactured according to the specifications in ASTM Standard D‐3034. This pipe must be extruded from a dryblend which meets one of the three cell classifications listed in the standard. Several PVC formulations which meet these cell classifications are evaluated in this paper. Physical properties such as tensile strength, stiffness, and izod and drop dart impact are measured using both laboratory prepared as well as production run samples. Dryblend flowability is studied using the Jenike and Johnson Flow‐Factor‐Tester. The results show dryblend flow properties will significantly vary as the calcium carbonate filler level in each formulation increases. The use of a coated vs. uncoated filler will improve flow properties especially at higher filler loadings. An analysis of dryblend cost vs. resin price shows resin prices will affect what cell classification is the optimum one to use. Also, maximum filler usage may not result in an optimum cost savings if additional additives such as processing aids or impact modifiers are needed.