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Flame retardation and thermal degradation of intumescent flame‐retarded polypropylene composites containing spirophosphoryldicyandiamide and ammonium polyphosphate
Author(s) -
Xiang Haiwang,
Sun Caiying,
Jiang Dawei,
Zhang Qingbo,
Dong Chunmei,
Liu Lei
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of vinyl and additive technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.295
H-Index - 35
eISSN - 1548-0585
pISSN - 1083-5601
DOI - 10.1002/vnl.20218
Subject(s) - intumescent , ammonium polyphosphate , fire retardant , cone calorimeter , char , limiting oxygen index , materials science , thermogravimetric analysis , polypropylene , composite material , flammability , calorimetry , pentaerythritol , fire performance , chemical engineering , combustion , chemistry , organic chemistry , physics , fire resistance , engineering , thermodynamics
A novel halogen‐free intumescent flame retardant, spirophosphoryldicyandiamide (SPDC), was synthesized and combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to produce a compound intumescent flame retardant (IFR). This material was used in polypropylene (PP) to obtain IFR‐PP systems whose flammability and thermal behavior were studied by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, UL‐94, thermogravimetric analysis, and cone calorimetry. In addition, the mechanical properties of the systems were investigated. The results indicated that the compound intumescent flame retardant showed both excellent flame retardancy and antidripping ability for PP when the two main components of the IFR coexisted in appropriate proportions. The optimum flame retardant formulation was SPDC:APP = 3:1, which gave an LOI value of 38.5 and a UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Moreover, the heat release rate, production of CO, smoke production rate, and mass loss rate of the IFR‐PP with the optimum formulation decreased significantly relative to those of pure PP, according to the cone calorimeter analysis. The char residues from the cone calorimetry experiments were observed by scanning electron microscopy, which showed that a homogeneous and compact intumescent char layer was formed. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers