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Gestational sac fluid volume measurements in virtual reality
Author(s) -
Rousian M.,
Koning A. H. J.,
Hop W. C.,
van der Spek P. J.,
Exalto N.,
Steegers E. A. P.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.202
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1469-0705
pISSN - 0960-7692
DOI - 10.1002/uog.9033
Subject(s) - medicine , 3d ultrasound , crown rump length , gestational age , gestational sac , ultrasound , volume (thermodynamics) , nuclear medicine , limits of agreement , ellipsoid , repeatability , biomedical engineering , first trimester , gestation , pregnancy , radiology , mathematics , statistics , genetics , physics , quantum mechanics , astronomy , biology
Abstract Objectives To evaluate a virtual reality (VR) application for gestational sac fluid volume (GSFV) measurements in first‐trimester pregnancies and to study the correlation between different embryonic growth parameters. Methods This was a prospective cohort study analyzing 180 three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound scans of 42 healthy women, performed between 5 + 5 and 12 + 6 weeks' gestational age (GA). The 3D datasets were transferred to the I‐Space immersive VR system. The V‐Scope application was used to create a ‘hologram’ of the ultrasound image, allowing depth perception and interaction with the rendered objects. Volumes were measured semi‐automatically using a segmentation algorithm. In addition to the GSFV, the total gestational sac volume (GSV) and its diameter (GSD) were measured. The GSV was also calculated using the ellipsoid formula. Previously obtained measurements of embryonic volume and crown–rump length (CRL) were included in the study. The outcomes were analyzed using repeated‐measures analysis of variance. Results The GSFV was measured in 78 scans, and varied from 434 to 81 491 mm 3 . A positive correlation between GSFV and GA, CRL and GSD was found. Comparison of the GSD formula constructed in our study in relation to GA with a formula that is commonly used clinically showed an increasing difference with increasing GA either side of 8 + 5 weeks. The GSFV/embryonic volume ratio showed a decrease with GA. The GSV calculated using the ellipsoid formula was on average 19.8% larger compared with the GSV measured in VR. Conclusion New charts for first‐trimester GSFV were constructed using VR. These growth charts could be promising tools for studying normal and abnormal embryonic development. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.