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Optimizing process parameters of palm oil bleaching on locally prepared animal bone–based activated carbon using response surface methodology
Author(s) -
Babayemi Akinpelu Kamoru,
Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic,
Eluno Emeka Emmanuel,
Otolorin John Adebayo
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
environmental quality management
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.249
H-Index - 27
eISSN - 1520-6483
pISSN - 1088-1913
DOI - 10.1002/tqem.21729
Subject(s) - activated carbon , carbonization , microporous material , adsorption , specific surface area , bet theory , materials science , carbon fibers , palm oil , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , scanning electron microscope , response surface methodology , nuclear chemistry , chemistry , chemical engineering , chromatography , composite material , organic chemistry , composite number , engineering , food science , catalysis
Adsorptive bleaching potentials of activated animal bone on palm oil was investigated. Palm oil was obtained locally from the mesocarp of oil palm fruits. The obtained palm oil was degummed, neutralized, and subjected to proximate analysis before bleaching. The animal bone–based activated carbon used as a bleaching material was locally prepared by cleaning, drying, carbonization, and chemical activation process. The prepared activated carbon (CBAC) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, Braummer–Emmett–Teller, and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Bleaching of the prepared palm oil on CBAC was done at different process conditions. The characterization results of BET analysis show that CBAC has a surface area of 593.270 m 2 /g, micropore surface area 595.56 m 2 /g, micropore volume 0.212 cm 3 /g, Langmuir surface area 1.38e+04 m 2 /g, and adsorption energy 3.998 KJ/mol. XRD analysis indicates gypsum as the dominant mineral in the activated carbon sample. The CBAC efficiency of 75.14% was obtained for time/temperature interactions at 50 min/120°C while at 25 g/50 min dosage/time interactions an efficiency of 75.17% was obtained.