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8:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol causes G1 cell cycle arrest and blocks granulocytic differentiation in HL‐60 cells
Author(s) -
Wang Xia,
Zhou Chenqian,
He Bingnan,
Kong Baida,
Wei Lai,
Wang Rong,
Lin Jiajia,
Shao Yiyan,
Zhu Jianbo,
Jin Yuanxiang,
Fu Zhengwei
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
environmental toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.813
H-Index - 77
eISSN - 1522-7278
pISSN - 1520-4081
DOI - 10.1002/tox.22733
Subject(s) - chemistry , cell cycle , apoptosis , cell cycle checkpoint , viability assay , immune system , cytotoxicity , toxicity , in vitro , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , biology , immunology , organic chemistry
Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are fluorinated intermediates used in manufacturing specialty polymer and surfactants, with 8:2 FTOH the homologue of largest production. FTOHs were found to pose acute toxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, developmental toxicity and endocrine‐disrupting risks, whereas research regarding immunotoxicity and its underlying mechanism, especially on specific immune cells is limited. Here, we investigated the immunotoxicity of 8:2 FTOH on immature immune cells in an in vitro system. We observed that exposure of HL‐60 cells, a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line, to 8:2 FTOH reduced cell viability in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. In addition, 8:2 FTOH exposure caused G1 cell cycle arrest in HL‐60 cells, while it showed no effect on apoptosis. Exposure to 8:2 FTOH inhibited the mRNA expression of cell cycle‐related genes, including CCNA1 , CCNA2 , CCND1 , and CCNE2 . Moreover, exposure to 8:2 FTOH inhibited the mRNA expression of granulocytic differentiation‐related genes of CD11b , CSF3R , PU.1 , and C/EPBε in HL‐60 cells . Furthermore, 8:2 FTOH exhibited no effect on intracellular ROS level, while hydralazine hydrochloride (Hyd), one reactive carbonyl species (RCS) scavenger, partially blocked 8:2 FTOH‐caused cytotoxicity in HL‐60 cells. Overall, the results obtained in the study show that 8:2 FTOH poses immunotoxicity in immature immune cells and RCS may partially underline its mechanism.