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Toxicity assessment of zero valent iron nanoparticles on Artemia salina
Author(s) -
Kumar Deepak,
Roy Rajdeep,
Parashar Abhinav,
Raichur Ashok M.,
Chandrasekaran Natarajan,
Mukherjee Anita,
Mukherjee Amitava
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
environmental toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.813
H-Index - 77
eISSN - 1522-7278
pISSN - 1520-4081
DOI - 10.1002/tox.22389
Subject(s) - artemia salina , zerovalent iron , toxicity , catalase , chemistry , environmental chemistry , nanoparticle , ecotoxicity , oxidative stress , nuclear chemistry , ionic strength , biochemistry , nanotechnology , aqueous solution , materials science , organic chemistry , adsorption
The present study deals with the toxicity assessment of two differently synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI, chemical and biological) as well as Fe 2+ ions on Artemia salina at three different initial concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg/L of these particles. The assessment was done till 96 h at time intervals of 24 h. EC 50 value was calculated to evaluate the 50% mortality of Artemia salina at all exposure time durations. Between chemically and biologically synthesized nZVI nanoparticles, insignificant differences in the level of mortality were demonstrated. At even 24 h, Fe 2+ ion imparted complete lethality at the highest exposure concentration (100 mg/L). To understand intracellular oxidative stress because of zero valent iron nanoparticles, ROS estimation, SOD activity, GSH activity, and catalase activity was performed which demonstrated that ionic form of iron is quite lethal at high concentrations as compared with the same concentration of nZVI exposure. Lower concentrations of nZVI were more toxic as compared with the ionic form and was in order of CS‐nZVI > BS‐nZVI > Fe 2+ . Cell membrane damage and bio‐uptake of nanoparticles were also evaluated for all three concentrations of BS‐nZVI, CS‐nZVI, and Fe 2+ using adult Artemia salina in marine water; both of which supported the observations made in toxicity assessment. This study can be further explored to exploit Artemia salina as a model organism and a biomarker in an nZVI prone aquatic system to detect toxic levels of these nanoparticles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1617–1627, 2017.