Premium
Oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by ketorolac on the common carp C yprinus carpio
Author(s) -
GalarMartínez M.,
GarcíaMedina S.,
GómezOlivan L. M.,
PérezCoyotl I.,
MendozaMonroy D. J.,
ArrazolaMorgain R. E.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
environmental toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.813
H-Index - 77
eISSN - 1522-7278
pISSN - 1520-4081
DOI - 10.1002/tox.22113
Subject(s) - genotoxicity , oxidative stress , catalase , superoxide dismutase , common carp , micronucleus test , lipid peroxidation , antioxidant , chemistry , pharmacology , glutathione peroxidase , ketorolac , carp , cyprinus , biology , biochemistry , toxicity , fishery , organic chemistry , analgesic , fish <actinopterygii>
The nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ketorolac is extensively used in the treatment of acute postoperative pain. This pharmaceutical has been found at concentrations of 0.2–60 µg/L in diverse water bodies around the world; however, its effects on aquatic organisms remain unknown. The present study, evaluated the oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by sublethal concentrations of ketorolac (1 and 60 µg/L) on liver, brain, and blood of the common carp Cyprinus carpio . This toxicant induced oxidative damage (increased lipid peroxidation, hydroperoxide content, and protein carbonyl content) as well as changes in antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity) in liver and brain of carp. In blood, ketorolac increased the frequency of micronuclei and is therefore genotoxic for the test species. The effects observed were time and concentration dependent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1035–1043, 2016.