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The role of oxidative stress in citreoviridin‐induced DNA damage in human liver‐derived HepG2 cells
Author(s) -
Bai Yuntao,
Jiang LiPing,
Liu XiaoFang,
Wang Dong,
Yang Guang,
Geng ChengYan,
Li Qiujuan,
Zhong LaiFu,
Sun Qinghua,
Chen Min
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
environmental toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.813
H-Index - 77
eISSN - 1522-7278
pISSN - 1520-4081
DOI - 10.1002/tox.21929
Subject(s) - dna damage , oxidative stress , genotoxicity , microbiology and biotechnology , reactive oxygen species , comet assay , chemistry , glutathione , intracellular , biochemistry , dna , biology , toxicity , enzyme , organic chemistry
We hypothesize that citreoviridin (CIT) induces DNA damage in human liver‐derived HepG2 cells through an oxidative stress mechanism and that N ‐acetyl‐ l ‐cysteine (NAC) protects against CIT‐induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. CIT‐induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells was evaluated by alkaline single‐cell gel electrophoresis assay. To elucidate the genotoxicity mechanisms, the level of oxidative DNA damage was tested by immunoperoxidase staining for 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG); the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were examined; mitochondrial membrane potential and lysosomal membranes' permeability were detected; furthermore, protective effects of NAC on CIT‐induced ROS formation and CIT‐induced DNA damage were evaluated in HepG2 cells. A significant dose‐dependent increment in DNA migration was observed at tested concentrations (2.50–10.00 µM) of CIT. The levels of ROS, 8‐OHdG formation were increased by CIT, and significant depletion of GSH in HepG2 cells was induced by CIT. Destabilization of lysosome and mitochondria was also observed in cells treated with CIT. In addition, NAC significantly decreased CIT‐induced ROS formation and CIT‐induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. The data indicate that CIT induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, most likely through oxidative stress mechanisms; that NAC protects against DNA damage induced by CIT in HepG2 cells; and that depolarization of mitochondria and lysosomal protease leakage may play a role in CIT‐induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 530–537, 2015.