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TGF‐β1 enhances contractility in engineered skeletal muscle
Author(s) -
Weist Michael R.,
Wellington Michael S.,
Bermudez Jacob E.,
Kostrominova Tatiana Y.,
Mendias Christopher L.,
Arruda Ellen M.,
Larkin Lisa M.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.835
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1932-7005
pISSN - 1932-6254
DOI - 10.1002/term.551
Subject(s) - skeletal muscle , extracellular matrix , chemistry , contractility , microbiology and biotechnology , myosin , transforming growth factor , tissue engineering , population , myocyte , endocrinology , biology , biomedical engineering , medicine , environmental health
Abstract Scaffoldless engineered 3D skeletal muscle tissue created from satellite cells offers the potential to replace muscle tissue that is lost due to severe trauma or disease. Transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) plays a vital role in mediating migration and differentiation of satellite cells during the early stages of muscle development. Additionally, TGF‐β1 promotes collagen type I synthesis in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of skeletal muscle, which provides a passive elastic substrate to support myofibres and facilitate the transmission of force. To determine the role of TGF‐β1 in skeletal muscle construct formation and contractile function in vitro , we created tissue‐engineered 3D skeletal muscle constructs with varying levels of recombinant TGF‐β1 added to the cell culture medium. Prior to the addition of TGF‐β1, the primary cell population was composed of 75% Pax7‐positive cells. The peak force for twitch, tetanus and spontaneous force were significantly increased in the presence of 2.0 ng/ml TGF‐β1 when compared to 0, 0.5 and 1.0 ng/ml TGF‐β1. Visualization of the cellular structure with H&E and with immunofluorescence staining for sarcomeric myosin heavy chains and collagen type I showed denser regions of better organized myofibres in the presence of 2.0 ng/ml TGF‐β1 versus 0, 0.5 and 1.0 ng/ml. The addition of 2.0 ng/ml TGF‐β1 to the culture medium of engineered 3D skeletal muscle constructs enhanced contractility and extracellular matrix organization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.