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Chondrocytes and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells undergoing chondrogenesis in agarose hydrogels of solid and channelled architectures respond differentially to dynamic culture conditions
Author(s) -
Sheehy Eamon J.,
Buckley Conor T.,
Kelly Daniel J.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.835
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1932-7005
pISSN - 1932-6254
DOI - 10.1002/term.385
Subject(s) - chondrogenesis , chondrocyte , mesenchymal stem cell , agarose , biomedical engineering , chemistry , self healing hydrogels , cartilage , microbiology and biotechnology , tissue engineering , scaffold , anatomy , biology , biochemistry , medicine , organic chemistry
The objective of this study was to investigate how a combination of different scaffold architectures and rotational culture would influence the functional properties of thick cartilaginous tissues engineered using either chondrocytes or bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs). Expanded porcine chondrocytes and BM‐MSCs were suspended in 2% agarose and cast in custom‐designed moulds to produce either regular solid or channelled construct cylinders. The study consisted of three seperate experimental arms. First, chondrocyte and BM‐MSC constructs were cultured in free swelling conditions for 9 weeks. Second, constructs were subjected to rotational culture for a period of 3 weeks. Finally, BM‐MSC‐seeded constructs were subjected to delayed rotational culture, in which constructs were first cultured for 3 weeks in free swelling conditions, followed by an additional 3 weeks in rotating culture conditions. Constructs were supplemented with TGFβ3 during the first 3 weeks of all experiments. The introduction of channels alone had little effect on the spatial patterns of tissue accumulation in either chondrocyte‐ or BM‐MSC‐seeded constructs. The two cell types responded differentially to rotational culture, resulting in the formation of a more homogeneous tissue in chondrocyte‐seeded constructs, but significantly inhibiting chondrogenesis of BM‐MSCs. This inhibition of chondrogenesis in response to dynamic culture conditions was not observed if BM‐MSC‐seeded constructs were first maintained in free swelling conditions for 3 weeks prior to rotation. The results of this study demonstrate that bioreactor culture conditions that are beneficial for chondrocyte‐based cartilage tissue engineering may be suboptimal for BM‐MSCs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.