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Effectiveness of a biodegradable 3D polylactic acid/poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite scaffold loaded by differentiated osteogenic cells in a critical‐sized radius bone defect in rat
Author(s) -
Oryan Ahmad,
Hassanajili Shadi,
Sahvieh Sonia
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.835
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1932-7005
pISSN - 1932-6254
DOI - 10.1002/term.3158
Subject(s) - scaffold , polylactic acid , biomedical engineering , regeneration (biology) , chemistry , caprolactone , tissue engineering , materials science , microbiology and biotechnology , medicine , biology , organic chemistry , copolymer , polymer
The effects of a scaffold made of polylactic acid, poly (ɛ‐caprolactone) and hydroxyapatite by indirect 3D printing method with and without differentiated bone cells was tested on the regeneration of a critical radial bone defect in rat. The scaffold characterization and mechanical performance were determined by the rheology, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The defects were created in forty Wistar rats which were randomly divided into the untreated, autograft, scaffold cell‐free, and differentiated bone cell‐seeded scaffold groups ( n = 10 in each group). The expression level of angiogenic and osteogenic markers, analyzed by quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction (in vitro), significantly improved ( p < 0 . 05 ) in the scaffold group compared to the untreated one. Radiology and computed tomography scan demonstrated a significant improvement in the cell‐seeded scaffold group compared to the untreated one ( p < 0 . 001 ). Biomechanical, histopathological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical investigations showed significantly better regeneration scores in the cell‐seeded scaffold and autograft groups compared to the untreated group ( p < 0 . 05 ). The cell‐seeded scaffold and autograft groups did show comparable results on the 80 th day post‐treatment ( p > 0 . 05 ), however, most results in the scaffold group were significantly higher than the untreated group ( p < 0 . 05 ). Differentiated bone cells can enhance bone regeneration potential of the scaffold.