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Nanographene oxide‐calcium phosphate to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus infection and support stem cells for bone tissue engineering
Author(s) -
Wu Shizhou,
Lei Lei,
Zhang Hui,
Liu Jin,
Weir Michael D.,
Schneider Abraham,
Zhao Liang,
Liu Jun,
Xu Hockin H.K.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.835
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1932-7005
pISSN - 1932-6254
DOI - 10.1002/term.3139
Subject(s) - chitosan , staphylococcus aureus , chemistry , biocompatibility , antibacterial activity , materials science , biomedical engineering , medicine , bacteria , biochemistry , biology , genetics , organic chemistry
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a major pathogen for osteomyelitis. Calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) paste is promising for orthopedic uses. Nanostructured graphene oxide (GO) showed antibacterial effect on Gram‐positive bacteria. However, there has been no report of incorporating GO into CPC. The objectives of this study were to (a) develop an injectable and mechanically strong CPC‐chitosan paste containing GO and (b) investigate the inhibition of S. aureus infection and the promotion of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) for bone regeneration. Injectable CPC‐chitosan‐GO paste was fabricated. Flexural strength, elastic modulus, and work‐of‐fracture of the CPC‐chitosan and CPC‐chitosan‐GO bars were evaluated. Antibacterial effects against S. aureus biofilms were determined. hUCMSC growth and viability on disks were investigated. CPC‐chitosan‐GO bars had a flexural strength of 7.2 ± 1.6 MPa, matching that of CPC‐chitosan control without GO. CPC‐chitosan‐GO had strong antibacterial effects on S. aureus , with an inhibition zone of 55.2 ± 2.5 mm, greater than that of CPC‐chitosan control (30.1 ± 2.0 mm) ( p < 0.05). CPC‐chitosan‐GO had potent antibacterial activity on S. aureus biofilms in vitro ( p > 0.05). The injectable and antibacterial CPC‐GO paste had no toxic effect, yielding excellent hUCMSC growth and viability on disks. The CPC‐chitosan‐GO had injectability, good strength, strong antibacterial effects, and excellent stem cell attachment and growth. CPC‐chitosan‐GO is promising for dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic applications to control infections and good biocompatibility to support stem cell viability to enhance bone regeneration.