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Design, construction, and biological testing of an implantable porous trilayer scaffold for repairing osteoarthritic cartilage
Author(s) -
Campos Yaima,
Sola Francisco J.,
Almirall Amisel,
Fuentes Gastón,
Eich Christina,
Que Ivo,
Chan Alan,
Kaijzel Eric,
Tabata Yasuhiko,
Quintanilla Luis,
RodríguezCabello José C.,
Cruz Luis J.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.835
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1932-7005
pISSN - 1932-6254
DOI - 10.1002/term.3001
Subject(s) - scaffold , cartilage , biomedical engineering , tissue engineering , osteoarthritis , chondrocyte , in vivo , materials science , chitosan , implant , chemistry , anatomy , surgery , pathology , biology , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , alternative medicine
Various tissue engineering systems for cartilage repair have been designed and tested over the past two decades, leading to the development of many promising cartilage grafts. However, no one has yet succeeded in devising an optimal system to restore damaged articular cartilage. Here, the design, assembly, and biological testing of a porous, chitosan/collagen‐based scaffold as an implant to repair damaged articular cartilage is reported. Its gradient composition and trilayer structure mimic variations in natural cartilage tissue. One of its layers includes hydroxyapatite, a bioactive component that facilitates the integration of growing tissue on local bone in the target area after scaffold implantation. The scaffold was evaluated for surface morphology; rheological performance (storage, loss, complex, and time‐relaxation moduli at 1 kHz); physiological stability; in vitro activity and cytotoxicity (on a human chondrocyte C28 cell line); and in vivo performance (tissue growth and biodegradability), in a murine model of osteoarthritis. The scaffold was shown to be mechanically resistant and noncytotoxic, favored tissue growth in vivo, and remained stable for 35 days postimplantation in mice. These encouraging results highlight the potential of this porous chitosan/collagen scaffold for clinical applications in cartilage tissue engineering.