Preactivated and disaggregated shape‐changed platelets protect kidney against from ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rat through attenuating inflammation reaction

This study tested the hypothesis that preactivated and disaggregated shape‐changed platelet (PreD‐SCP) therapy significantly protected rat kidney from ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury. Adult‐male Sprague–Dawley rats ( n = 24) were equally categorized into Groups 1 (sham‐operated control [SC]), 2 (SC + PreD‐SCP), 3 (IR only), and 4 (IR + PreD‐SCP). By 72 hr after IR procedure, the circulatory levels of creatinine, blood urine nitrogen and inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin [IL]‐6/tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α), and ratio of urine protein to urine creatinine were significantly higher in Group 3 than in other groups and significantly higher in Group 4 than in Groups 1 and 2, but they showed no different between Groups 1 and 2 (all p < .001). The microscopic findings showed that the expressions of kidney injury score, cellular inflammation (MMP‐9/CD14//F4/80), and fibrotic area were identical to the circulatory inflammation, whereas the integrity of podocyte components (ZO‐1/synaptopodin/podocin) exhibited an opposite to circulatory inflammation among the four groups (all p < .0001). The protein expressions of inflammatory (TNF‐α/IL‐1ß/NF‐κB/iNOS/TRAF6/MyD88/TLR‐4), apoptotic/cell death (mitochondrial Bax/cleaved caspase‐3/p‐53), oxidized protein, mitogen‐activated protein kinase family (p‐38/p‐JNK/p‐c‐JUN), and mitochondrial‐damaged biomarkers displayed a similar pattern, whereas the antiapoptotic (Bcl‐2/Bcl‐XL) and integrity of mitochondrial biomarkers followed an opposite trend to circulatory inflammation among the four groups (all p < .001). PreD‐SCP therapy effectively protected the kidney against IR injury.