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Mineralization of gellan gum hydrogels with calcium and magnesium carbonates by alternate soaking in solutions of calcium/magnesium and carbonate ion solutions
Author(s) -
LopezHeredia Marco A.,
Łapa Agata,
Reczyńska Katarzyna,
Pietryga Krzysztof,
Balcaen Lieve,
Mendes Ana C.,
Schaubroeck David,
Van Der Voort Pascal,
Dokupil Agnieszka,
Plis Agnieszka,
Stevens Chris V.,
Parakhonskiy Bogdan V.,
Samal Sangram Keshari,
Vanhaecke Frank,
Chai Feng,
Chronakis Ioannis S.,
Blanchemain Nicolas,
Pamuła Elżbieta,
Skirtach Andre G.,
Douglas Timothy E.L.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.835
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1932-7005
pISSN - 1932-6254
DOI - 10.1002/term.2675
Subject(s) - gellan gum , chemistry , calcium , calcite , vaterite , magnesium , mineralization (soil science) , calcium carbonate , chemical engineering , mineralogy , inorganic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , aragonite , organic chemistry , food science , nitrogen , engineering
Mineralization of hydrogels is desirable prior to applications in bone regeneration. CaCO 3 is a widely used bone regeneration material, and Mg, when used as a component of calcium phosphate biomaterials, has promoted bone‐forming cell adhesion and proliferation and bone regeneration. In this study, gellan gum hydrogels were mineralized with carbonates containing different amounts of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) by alternate soaking in, firstly, a calcium and/or magnesium ion solution and, secondly, a carbonate ion solution. This alternate soaking cycle was repeated five times. Five different calcium and/or magnesium ion solutions, containing different molar ratios of Ca to Mg ranging from Mg free to Ca free were compared. Carbonate mineral formed in all sample groups subjected to the alternate soaking cycle. Ca : Mg elemental ratio in the mineral formed was higher than in the respective mineralizing solution. Mineral formed in the absence of Mg was predominantly CaCO 3 in the form of a mixture of calcite and vaterite. Increasing the Mg content in the mineral formed led to the formation of magnesian calcite and decreased the total amount of the mineral formed and its crystallinity. Hydrogel mineralization and increasing Mg content in mineral formed did not obviously improve proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells or differentiation after 7 days.