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Novel naturally crosslinked electrospun nanofibrous chitosan mats for guided bone regeneration membranes: material characterization and cytocompatibility
Author(s) -
Norowski Peter A.,
Fujiwara Tomoko,
Clem William C.,
Adatrow Pradeep C.,
Eckstein Eugene C.,
Haggard Warren O.,
Bumgardner Joel D.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.835
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1932-7005
pISSN - 1932-6254
DOI - 10.1002/term.1648
Subject(s) - genipin , ultimate tensile strength , chitosan , membrane , biocompatibility , biodegradation , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , chemistry , materials science , electrospinning , biomedical engineering , chemical engineering , elongation , regeneration (biology) , degradation (telecommunications) , composite material , polymer , organic chemistry , biochemistry , medicine , telecommunications , biology , computer science , engineering , microbiology and biotechnology
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) barrier membranes are used to prevent soft tissue infiltration into the graft space during dental procedures that involve bone grafting. Chitosan materials have shown promise as GBR barrier membranes, due to their biocompatibility and predictable biodegradability, but degradation rates may still be too high for clinical applications. In this study, chitosan GBR membranes were electrospun using chitosan (70% deacetylated, 312 kDa, 5.5 w/v%), with or without the addition of 5 or 10 m m genipin, a natural crosslinking agent, in order to extend the degradation to meet the clinical target time frame of 4–6 months. Membranes were evaluated for fibre diameter, tensile strength, biodegradation rate, bond structure and cytocompatibility. Genipin addition, at 5 or 10 m m , resulted in median fibre diameters 184, 144 and 154 nm for uncrosslinked, 5 m m and 10 m m crosslinked, respectively. Crosslinking, examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, showed a decrease in N–H stretch as genipin levels were increased. Genipin‐crosslinked mats exhibited only 22% degradation based on mass loss, as compared to 34% for uncrosslinked mats at 16 weeks in vitro . The ultimate tensile strength of the mats was increased by 165% to 32 MPa with 10 m m crosslinking as compared to the uncrosslinked mats. Finally, genipin‐crosslinked mats supported the proliferation of SAOS‐2 cells in a 5 day growth study, similar to uncrosslinked mats. These results suggest that electrospun chitosan mats may benefit from genipin crosslinking and have the potential to meet clinical degradation time frames for GBR applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.