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Phylogenetic generic classification of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence
Author(s) -
Crespo Ana,
Kauff Frank,
Divakar Pradeep K.,
del Prado Ruth,
Pérez-Ortega Sergio,
de Paz Guillermo Amo,
Ferencova Zuzana,
Blanco Oscar,
Roca-Valiente Beatriz,
Núñez-Zapata Jano,
Cubas Paloma,
Argüello Arturo,
Elix John A.,
Esslinger Theodore L.,
Hawksworth David L.,
Millanes Ana,
Molina M. Carmen,
Wedin Mats,
Ahti Teuvo,
Aptroot Andre,
Barreno Eva,
Bungartz Frank,
Calvelo Susana,
Candan Mehmet,
Cole Mariette,
Ertz Damien,
Goffinet Bernard,
Lindblom Louise,
Lücking Robert,
Lutzoni Francois,
Mattsson Jan-Eric,
Messuti María Inés,
Miadlikowska Jolanta,
Piercey-Normore Michele,
Rico Víctor J.,
Sipman Harrie J.M.,
Schmitt Imke,
Spribille Toby,
Thell Arne,
Thor Göran,
Upreti Dalip K.,
Lumbsch H. Thorsten
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
taxon
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.819
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1996-8175
pISSN - 0040-0262
DOI - 10.1002/tax.596008
Subject(s) - parmeliaceae , lichen , monophyly , clade , genus , biology , taxon , phylogenetic tree , zoology , botany , evolutionary biology , ascomycota , biochemistry , gene
Parmelioid lichens are a diverse and ubiquitous group of foliose lichens. Generic delimitation in parmelioid lichens has been in a state of flux since the late 1960s with the segregation of the large, heterogeneous genus Parmelia into numerous smaller genera. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that some of these new genera were monophyletic, some were not, and others, previously believed to be unrelated, fell within single monophyletic groups, indicating the need for a revision of the generic delimitations. This study aims to give an overview of current knowledge of the major clades of all parmelioid lichens. For this, we assembled a dataset of 762 specimens, including 31 of 33 currently accepted parmelioid genera (and 63 of 84 accepted genera of Parmeliaceae). We performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined datasets including two, three and four loci. Based on these phylogenies and the correlation of morphological and chemical characters that characterize monophyletic groups, we accept 27 genera within nine main clades. We re‐circumscribe several genera and reduce Parmelaria to synonymy with Parmotrema. Emodomelanelia Divakar & A. Crespo is described as a new genus (type: E. masonii). Nipponoparmelia (Kurok.) K.H. Moon, Y. Ohmura & Kashiw. ex A. Crespo & al. is elevated to generic rank and 15 new combinations are proposed (in the genera Flavoparmelia, Parmotrema, Myelochroa, Melanelixia and Nipponoparmelia). A short discussion of the accepted genera is provided and remaining challenges and areas requiring additional taxon sampling are identified.