Open AccessDamage‐Sensing mechanisms in human cells after ionizing radiation
Author(s) -
Boothman David A.,
Burrows Heather L.,
Yang ChinRang,
Davis Thomas D.,
Wuerzberger Shelly M.,
Planchon Sarah M.,
Odegaard Eric,
Lewis Janet E.,
Pink John,
Meyers Mark,
Van Patten Carmell Wilson,
Sharda Navneet,
Kinsella Timothy J.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
stem cells
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.159
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1549-4918
pISSN - 1066-5099
DOI - 10.1002/stem.5530150707
Subject(s) - biology , dna damage , dna repair , microbiology and biotechnology , carcinogenesis , apoptosis , transcription factor , ionizing radiation , cell cycle , transcription (linguistics) , programmed cell death , downregulation and upregulation , cell , cancer research , dna , gene , genetics , irradiation , linguistics , philosophy , physics , nuclear physics
Human cells have evolved several mechanisms for responding to damage created by ionizing radiation. Some of these responses involve the activation or suppression of the transcriptional machinery. Other responses involve the downregulation of enzymes, such as topoisomerase I, which appear to be necessary for DNA repair or apoptosis. Over the past five years, many studies have established links between DNA damage, activation of transcription factors that are coupled to DNA repair mechanisms, increased gene transcription and altered cell cycle regulation to allow for repair or cell death via apoptosis or necrosis. Together these factors determine whether a cell will survive with or without carcinogenic consequences. The immediate responses of human cells to ionizing radiation, in terms of sensing and responding to damage, are therefore, critical determinants of cell survival and carcinogenesis. Stem Cells 1997; 15 (suppl 2): 27–42