Open AccessNeurotrophic Factor‐α1: A Key Wnt‐β‐Catenin Dependent Anti‐Proliferation Factor and ERK‐Sox9 Activated Inducer of Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Differentiation to Astrocytes in Neurodevelopment
Author(s) -
Selvaraj Prabhuanand,
Xiao Lan,
Lee Cheol,
Murthy Saravana R. K.,
Cawley Niamh X.,
Lane Malcolm,
Merchenthaler Istvan,
Ahn Sohyun,
Loh Y. Peng
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
stem cells
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.159
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1549-4918
pISSN - 1066-5099
DOI - 10.1002/stem.2511
Subject(s) - biology , neural stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , wnt signaling pathway , astrocyte , embryonic stem cell , neurotrophic factors , neurosphere , brain derived neurotrophic factor , neurogenesis , progenitor cell , glial fibrillary acidic protein , stem cell , cellular differentiation , signal transduction , adult stem cell , immunology , neuroscience , central nervous system , receptor , immunohistochemistry , biochemistry , gene
A bstract Embryonic neurodevelopment involves inhibition of proliferation of multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) followed by differentiation into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes to form the brain. We have identified a new neurotrophic factor, NF‐α1, which inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of NSC/progenitors derived from E13.5 mouse cortex. Inhibition of proliferation of these cells was mediated through negatively regulating the Wnt pathway and decreasing β‐catenin. NF‐α1 induced differentiation of NSCs to astrocytes by enhancing Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) expression through activating the ERK1/2‐Sox9 signaling pathway. Cultured E13.5 cortical stem cells from NF‐α1‐knockout mice showed decreased astrocyte numbers compared to wild‐type mice, which was rescued by treatment with NF‐α1. In vivo, immunocytochemistry of brain sections and Western blot analysis of neocortex of mice showed a gradual increase of NF‐α1 expression from E14.5 to P1 and a surge of GFAP expression at P1, the time of increase in astrogenesis. Importantly, NF‐α1‐Knockout mice showed ∼49% fewer GFAP positive astrocytes in the neocortex compared to WT mice at P1. Thus, NF‐α1 is critical for regulating antiproliferation and cell fate determination, through differentiating embryonic stem cells to GFAP‐positive astrocytes for normal neurodevelopment. S tem C ells 2017;35:557–571