Open AccessAngiopellosis as an Alternative Mechanism of Cell Extravasation
Author(s) -
Allen Tyler A.,
Gracieux David,
Talib Maliha,
Tokarz Debra A.,
Hensley M. Taylor,
Cores Jhon,
Vandergriff Adam,
Tang Junnan,
de Andrade James B.M.,
Dinh PhuongUyen,
Yoder Jeffrey A.,
Cheng Ke
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
stem cells
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.159
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1549-4918
pISSN - 1066-5099
DOI - 10.1002/stem.2451
Subject(s) - extravasation , stem cell , mesenchymal stem cell , biology , intravital microscopy , microbiology and biotechnology , zebrafish , in vivo , pathology , lumen (anatomy) , immunology , medicine , biochemistry , gene
Stem cells possess the ability to home in and travel to damaged tissue when injected intravenously. For the cells to exert their therapeutic effect, they must cross the blood vessel wall and enter the surrounding tissues. The mechanism of extravasation injected stem cells employ for exit has yet to be characterized. Using intravital microscopy and a transgenic zebrafish line Tg(fli1a:egpf) with GFP-expressing vasculature, we documented the detailed extravasation processes in vivo for injected stem cells in comparison to white blood cells (WBCs). While WBCs left the blood vessels by the standard diapedesis process, injected cardiac and mesenchymal stem cells underwent a distinct method of extravasation that was markedly different from diapedesis. Here, the vascular wall undergoes an extensive remodeling to allow the cell to exit the lumen, while the injected cell remains distinctively passive in activity. We termed this process Angio-pello-sis, which represents an alternative mechanism of cell extravasation to the prevailing theory of diapedesis. Stem Cells 2017;35:170-180 Video Highlight: https://youtu.be/i5EI-ZvhBps.