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Simulation of the Forming Behaviour of a Boron Modified P91 Ferritic Steel
Author(s) -
Carsí M.,
Allende R.,
Peñalba F.,
Jiménez J.A.,
Ruano O.A.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
steel research international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.603
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1869-344X
pISSN - 1611-3683
DOI - 10.1002/srin.200405922
Subject(s) - materials science , formability , metallurgy , torsion (gastropod) , martensite , austenite , microstructure , boron , strain rate , atmospheric temperature range , grain size , thermodynamics , organic chemistry , medicine , chemistry , surgery , physics
The forming behaviour at high temperature of a modified 9%Cr‐1%Mo (P91) ferritic steel containing B and Ti for elevated temperature service was investigated. The microstructure of the as‐received material is mainly martensite at room temperature, but special etching revealed prior austenite grains of about 25 μm in size. Torsion tests were conducted at temperatures in the range 850 to 1250 °C to simulate the hot rolling process under comparable conditions of temperature, strain rate and strain. The deformation data obtained from these tests were correlated with the Garofalo equation with a stress exponent of 4.6 and an activation energy of 315 kJ/mol. This equation was used to predict the formability behaviour for the rolling process and also to determine the maximum forming efficiency and stability of the steel. A temperature of 1200 °C is recommended to conduct the forming process.