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A proposed taxonomy of management systems
Author(s) -
Felix Reto
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
systems research and behavioral science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.371
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1099-1743
pISSN - 1092-7026
DOI - 10.1002/sres.523
Subject(s) - cybernetics , sophistication , taxonomy (biology) , viable system model , computer science , systems theory , management science , knowledge management , artificial intelligence , engineering , sociology , ecology , social science , biology
Management systems are part of virtually every organization. However, so far no systematic effort has been made to distinguish different stages in the adaptive process of management systems according to sophistication criteria. By building on existing theories in the areas of systems control, cybernetics, and general systems theory, this paper develops and presents a taxonomy of management systems. It is shown that flowing‐equilibrium (F‐E) management systems can explain systems behavior that cannot be explained by management theory based on cybernetics or double‐loop learning. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.