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Beyond the Limit of Goldschmidt Tolerance Factor: Crystal Surface Engineering to Boost the α‐Phase Stability of Formamidinium‐Only Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Perovskites
Author(s) -
He Junjie,
Chu Yanfang,
Sun Yuchen,
Zhang Rui,
Li Jing,
Zhao Lei,
Zhao Hongmei,
Liu Pengfei,
Li Song
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
solar rrl
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.544
H-Index - 37
ISSN - 2367-198X
DOI - 10.1002/solr.202100188
Subject(s) - formamidinium , thermal stability , iodide , materials science , crystallinity , carboxylate , phase (matter) , perovskite (structure) , chemistry , chemical engineering , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , crystallography , engineering
Hybrid inorganic−organic perovskites (HIOPs) have the widest absorption range and the highest power conversion efficiency. Among HIOPs, formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI 3 ) has a wider absorption range and better thermal and light stability. Unfortunately, the photovoltaic active α‐phase of FAPbI 3 transforms into its δ‐phase within several hours in ambient environment. Although partly sublimation of FA + with smaller cations can stabilize α‐FAPbI 3 , the multication systems suffer cation segregation and phase separation in long‐term use. Herein, a crystal surface engineering strategy to stabilize α‐FAPbI3 is developed. It is found that even introducing 1 mol% carboxylate anion can drastically improve the phase stability and operational stability of α‐FAPbI 3 in the ambient environment (r.h. 50%, 25 °C). After 1 month of exposure to air, the phase change of α‐FAPbI 3 is negligible. A detailed study indicates that the introduction of carboxylate anions prevents the water corroding the crystal surface and relaxes the strain in the crystals by increasing orientation diversity. The improved operational stability of the HIOPs arises from the intrinsic stability of pure formamidinium recipe and the stronger hydrogen bond between formamidinium and carboxylate. It not only provides a perovskite material for high‐performance solar cells, but also deepens the understanding of the phase stability of HIOPs.