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In Situ Printing: Insights into the Morphology Formation and Optical Property Evolution of Slot‐Die‐Coated Active Layers Containing Low Bandgap Polymer Donor and Nonfullerene Small Molecule Acceptor
Author(s) -
Wienhold Kerstin S.,
Körstgens Volker,
Grott Sebastian,
Jiang Xinyu,
Schwartzkopf Matthias,
Roth Stephan V.,
Müller-Buschbaum Peter
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
solar rrl
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.544
H-Index - 37
ISSN - 2367-198X
DOI - 10.1002/solr.202000086
Subject(s) - materials science , organic solar cell , polymer solar cell , active layer , solar cell , band gap , acceptor , polymer , coating , energy conversion efficiency , nanotechnology , optoelectronics , layer (electronics) , chemical engineering , composite material , thin film transistor , physics , condensed matter physics , engineering
Printing of active layers for high‐efficiency organic solar cells with the slot‐die coating technique can overcome the challenge of upscaling, which will be needed for organic photovoltaics on its way to marketability. The morphology of a bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cell has a very high impact on its power conversion efficiency. Therefore, it is of particular importance to understand the mechanisms of structure formation during printing of active layers to enable further optimization of the solar cell performance and upscaling of the production process. Meniscus‐guided slot‐die coating of the blend of a low bandgap conjugated polymer donor with benzodithiophene units PBDB‐T‐SF and the nonfullerene small molecule acceptor IT‐4F is studied in situ with optical microscopy, Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering. The structure formation is followed from the liquid to the final dry film state. Thereby, five regimes of morphology formation are determined. The morphological evolution in the printed active layer is correlated to changing optical properties of the thin film. In the final dry film, polymer domains of several tens of nanometers are observed, which will be favorable for application in high‐efficiency organic solar cells.