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Low‐Temperature‐Processed WO x as Electron Transfer Layer for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 20% Efficiency
Author(s) -
Chen Cong,
Jiang Yue,
Wu Yehui,
Guo Jiali,
Kong Xiangyu,
Wu Xiayan,
Li Yuzhu,
Zheng Dongfeng,
Wu Sujuan,
Gao Xingsen,
Hou Zhipeng,
Zhou Guofu,
Chen Yiwang,
Liu Jun-Ming,
Kempa Krzysztof,
Gao Jinwei
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
solar rrl
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.544
H-Index - 37
ISSN - 2367-198X
DOI - 10.1002/solr.201900499
Subject(s) - nanocrystalline material , perovskite (structure) , materials science , perovskite solar cell , amorphous solid , energy conversion efficiency , tungsten , solar cell , chemical engineering , layer (electronics) , solution process , optoelectronics , nanotechnology , chemistry , crystallography , metallurgy , engineering
Low‐temperature, solution‐processed metal oxides are of great interest as alternative materials for electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells. WO x is a promising candidate that could truly enable low‐temperature (<100 °C) processing. However, its amorphous‐state form typically obtained with the solution process suffers from high defect density. This causes large charge recombination, and consequently significant deterioration of the solar cell efficiency. Herein, an ultra‐low‐temperature processed (50 °C) nanocrystalline WO x as the electron transport layer, free of this problem, is demonstrated. This material is obtained by the reaction of tungsten chloride with hexanol, which induces transformation of the precursor solution into stable colloidal particles. The best solar cell, with the WO x electron transport layer, achieved an efficiency of 20.77%, which is a record performance for this class of perovskite solar cells.