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Fabrication of Sulfur‐Incorporated Bismuth‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells via a Vapor‐Assisted Solution Process
Author(s) -
Li Jihong,
Liu Xiaolong,
Xu Jia,
Chen Jing,
Zhao Chenxu,
Salma Maneno Masawa,
Zhang Bing,
Yao Jianxi
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
solar rrl
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.544
H-Index - 37
ISSN - 2367-198X
DOI - 10.1002/solr.201900218
Subject(s) - bismuth , perovskite (structure) , materials science , band gap , crystallinity , solar cell , chemical engineering , iodide , halide , fabrication , solution process , sulfur , nanotechnology , perovskite solar cell , energy conversion efficiency , inorganic chemistry , optoelectronics , chemistry , composite material , metallurgy , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology , engineering
Methylammonium (MA) bismuth iodide ((CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Bi 2 I 9 ) is a promising perovskite material for solar cell application considering the air stability and the nontoxic lead‐free molecular constitution. However, the further improvement of the device performances is prohibited by the wide bandgap (≈2.1 eV) and unsatisfied crystallinity of the (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Bi 2 I 9 films. Herein, a developed low‐pressure vapor‐assisted solution process (LP‐VASP) method is applied to obtain the sulfur‐incorporated bismuth‐based perovskites films. Due to the presence of sulfur, both the crystal quality and the energy band property are improved effectively in the as‐fabricated lead‐free perovskite films. After a systematic study of the influence of the reaction time on the device performances, the optimized reaction time is found to be 30 min, under which, the sulfur‐incorporated MA 3 Bi 2 I 9‐2 x S x perovskite films exhibit a reduced bandgap of 1.67 eV and a compact morphology. The corresponding optimal PCE reaches 0.152%. This study provides a new way for the incorporation of sulfur in the lead‐free bismuth‐based perovskite solar cells.