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A New Strategy to Reduce Toxicity of Ethidium Bromide by Alternating Anions: New Derivatives with Excellent Optical Performances, Convenient Synthesis, and Low Toxicity
Author(s) -
Song Yuchen,
Xu Lei,
Wu Qiong,
Xiao Saiyu,
Zeng Haixiang,
Gong Yanbin,
Li Conggang,
Cheng Sixue,
Li Qianqian,
Zhang Liyao,
Li Zhen
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
small methods
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.66
H-Index - 46
ISSN - 2366-9608
DOI - 10.1002/smtd.201900779
Subject(s) - ethidium bromide , bromide , chemistry , moiety , aqueous solution , quenching (fluorescence) , combinatorial chemistry , zeta potential , nanoparticle , organic chemistry , fluorescence , materials science , nanotechnology , dna , biochemistry , physics , quantum mechanics
The potential threats of ethidium bromide to laboratory staff have drawn more and more attention. Considering that commercial available substitutes still cannot replace ethidium bromide due to some drawbacks, it can be a better solution by functionalizing directly on ethidium bromide moiety. In this work, ethidium bromide is ameliorated via changing the bromide anion into moieties with more twist structures to prevent the aggregation caused quenching in aggregations, and increase more hydrophobic ability to form nanoparticles in aqueous. The nanoparticles of these probes show negative zeta potential, low toxicity, good photostability, and high sensitivity, both in solution tests and gel electrophoresis experiments. Meanwhile, the weak penetration ability through skin constitutes a dual protection for users. Furthermore, the one step synthesis from commercial available ethidium bromide and the convenient purification also do help to these probes in applications.