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A model to discipline autonomy in cyber‐physical systems‐of‐systems and its application
Author(s) -
Gharib Mohamad,
Dias da Silva Leandro,
Ceccarelli Andrea
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of software: evolution and process
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.371
H-Index - 29
eISSN - 2047-7481
pISSN - 2047-7473
DOI - 10.1002/smr.2328
Subject(s) - dependability , cyber physical system , unified modeling language , autonomy , context (archaeology) , computer science , risk analysis (engineering) , function (biology) , systems engineering , order (exchange) , process management , computer security , engineering , software engineering , software , business , paleontology , finance , evolutionary biology , political science , law , biology , programming language , operating system
A cyber‐physical system‐of‐systems (CPSoS) can be defined as a system‐of‐systems (SoS), composed of several operable and autonomous constituent systems (CSs) that are themselves cyber‐physical systems (CPSs). A main challenge in integrating CPSoS to function as a single integrated system is the autonomy of its components, which may result in undesirable, unsecure, or even unsafe situations. In this paper, we advocate that in order to facilitate the integration of CPSs within the overall context of their CPSoS, we may need to adjust their level of autonomy in a way that enables them to perform their activities and avoid undesirable, unsecure , and unsafe situations. Reducing such situations surely contributes to the dependability of the CPSoS. In particular, we propose a novel model‐based approach for modeling and analyzing the autonomy levels of CPSs based on their awareness concerning their operational environment as well as their capability to react in a timely, secure, and safe manner while performing their activities. The model is further described in a UML profile and applied to represent activities for autonomous driving scenarios. Using a driving simulator, we implement such models on a target vehicle, and we show the resulting safety improvement, especially in terms of reduced collisions.