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Nanotheranostics for the Management of Hepatic Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Author(s) -
Guan Yu,
Yao Weifeng,
Yi Ke,
Zheng Chunxiong,
Lv Shixian,
Tao Yu,
Hei Ziqing,
Li Mingqiang
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.202007727
Subject(s) - oxidative stress , medicine , reperfusion injury , inflammation , drug delivery , pharmacology , drug , reactive oxygen species , liver injury , ischemia , immunology , chemistry , nanotechnology , materials science , biochemistry
Abstract Hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI), in which an insufficient oxygen supply followed by reperfusion leads to an inflammatory network and oxidative stress in disease tissue to cause cell death, always occurs after liver transplantations and sections. Although pharmacological treatments favorably prevent or protect the liver against experimental IRI, there have been few successes in clinical applications for patient benefits because of the incomprehension of complicated IRI‐induced signaling events as well as short blood circulation time, poor solubility, and severe side reactions of most antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory drugs. Nanomaterials can achieve targeted delivery and controllable release of contrast agents and therapeutic drugs in desired hepatic IRI regions for enhanced imaging sensitivity and improved therapeutic effects, emerging as novel alternative approaches for hepatic IRI diagnosis and therapy. In this review, the application of nanotechnology is summarized in the management of hepatic IRI, including nanomaterial‐assisted hepatic IRI diagnosis, nanoparticulate systems‐mediated remission of reactive oxygen species‐induced tissue injury, and nanoparticle‐based targeted drug delivery systems for the alleviation of IRI‐related inflammation. The current challenges and future perspectives of these nanoenabled strategies for hepatic IRI treatment are also discussed.