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New Concepts for Production of Scalable Single Layer Oxidized Regions by Local Anodic Oxidation of Graphene
Author(s) -
Quesada Sergio J.,
Borrás Fernando,
GarcíaVélez Miguel,
Coya Carmen,
Climent Esteban,
Munuera Carmen,
Villar Ignacio,
la Peña O'Shea Víctor A.,
Andrés Alicia,
Álvarez Ángel L.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201902817
Subject(s) - graphene , oxide , materials science , monolayer , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , nanotechnology , anode , electrochemistry , optoelectronics , chemical engineering , electrode , chemistry , engineering , metallurgy
A deep comprehension of the local anodic oxidation process in 2D materials is achieved thanks to an extensive experimental and theoretical study of this phenomenon in graphene. This requires to arrange a novel instrumental device capable to generate separated regions of monolayer graphene oxide (GO) over graphene, with any desired size, from micrometers to unprecedented mm 2 , in minutes, a milestone in GO monolayer production. GO regions are manufactured by overlapping lots of individual oxide spots of thousands µm 2 area. The high reproducibility and circular size of the spots allows not only an exhaustive experimental characterization inside, but also establishing an original model for oxide expansion which, from classical first principles, overcomes the traditional paradigm of the water bridge, and is applicable to any 2D‐material. This tool predicts the oxidation behavior with voltage and exposure time, as well as the expected electrical current along the process. The hitherto unreported transient current is measured during oxidation, gaining insight on its components, electrochemical and transport. Just combining electrical measurements and optical imaging estimating carrier mobility and degree of oxidation is possible. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a graphene oxidation about 30%, somewhat lower to that obtained by Hummers' method.