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Multifarious Transit Gates for Programmable Delivery of Bio‐functionalized Matters
Author(s) -
Hu Xinghao,
Torati Sri Ramulu,
Kim Hyeonseol,
Yoon Jonghwan,
Lim Byeonghwa,
Kim Kunwoo,
Sitti Metin,
Kim CheolGi
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201901105
Subject(s) - nanotechnology , process (computing) , biomolecule , computer science , logic gate , electronic circuit , planar , digital electronics , electrical engineering , computer hardware , materials science , engineering , computer graphics (images) , operating system
Programmable delivery of biological matter is indispensable for the massive arrays of individual objects in biochemical and biomedical applications. Although a digital manipulation of single cells has been implemented by the integrated circuits of micromagnetophoretic patterns with current wires, the complex fabrication process and multiple current operation steps restrict its practical application for biomolecule arrays. Here, a convenient approach using multifarious transit gates is proposed, for digital manipulation of biofunctionalized microrobotic particles that can pass through the local energy barriers by a time‐dependent pulsed magnetic field instead of multiple current wires. The multifarious transit gates including return, delay, and resistance linear gates, as well as dividing, reversed, and rectifying T‐junction gates, are investigated theoretically and experimentally for the programmable manipulation of microrobotic particles. The results demonstrate that, a suitable angle of the gating field at a suitable time zone is crucial to implement digital operations at integrated multifarious transit gates along bifurcation paths to trap microrobotic particles in specific apartments, paving the way for flexible on‐chip arrays of biomolecules and cells.