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Light‐Induced ROS Generation and 2‐DG‐Activated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Antitumor Nanosystems: An Effective Combination Therapy by Regulating the Tumor Microenvironment
Author(s) -
Dong Mei,
Xiao XuanZhong,
Su ZhiGui,
Yu ZhengHang,
Qian ChengGen,
Liu JiaHao,
Zhao JiaCheng,
Shen QunDong
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201900212
Subject(s) - unfolded protein response , endoplasmic reticulum , tumor microenvironment , photodynamic therapy , reactive oxygen species , apoptosis , intracellular , cancer research , cancer cell , microbiology and biotechnology , photosensitizer , chemistry , programmed cell death , cancer , biology , biochemistry , tumor cells , organic chemistry , genetics
A multimodal cancer therapeutic nanoplatform is reported. It demonstrates a promising approach to synergistically regulating the tumor microenvironment. The combination of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by irradiation of photosensitizer and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by 2‐deoxy‐glucose (2‐DG) has a profound effect on necrotic or apoptotic cell death. Especially, targeting metabolic pathway by 2‐DG is a promising strategy to promote the effect of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. The nanoplatform can readily release its cargoes inside cancer cells and combines the advantages of ROS‐sensitive releasing chemotherapeutic drugs, upregulating apoptosis pathways under ER stress, light‐induced generation of cytotoxic ROS, achieving tumor accumulation, and in vivo fluorescence imaging capability. This work highlights the importance of considering multiple intracellular stresses as design parameters for nanoscale functional materials in cell biology, immune response, as well as medical treatments of cancer, Alzheimer's disease, etc.