Premium
Avalanche Carrier Multiplication in Multilayer Black Phosphorus and Avalanche Photodetector
Author(s) -
Jia Jingyuan,
Jeon Jaeho,
Park JinHong,
Lee Byoung Hun,
Hwang Euyheon,
Lee Sungjoo
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201805352
Subject(s) - responsivity , avalanche photodiode , electric field , optoelectronics , materials science , quantum efficiency , multiple exciton generation , photodetector , avalanche breakdown , semiconductor , noise (video) , band gap , optics , physics , detector , breakdown voltage , computer science , quantum mechanics , voltage , artificial intelligence , image (mathematics)
A highly sensitive avalanche photodetector (APD) is fabricated by utilizing the avalanche multiplication mechanism in black phosphorus (BP), where a strong avalanche multiplication of electron–hole pairs is observed. Owing to the small bandgap (0.33 eV) of the multilayer BP, the carrier multiplication occurs at a significantly lower electric field than those of other 2D semiconductor materials. In order to further enhance the quantum efficiency and increase the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio, Au nanoparticles (NPs) are integrated on the BP surface, which improves the light absorption by plasmonic effects. The BP–Au‐NPs structure effectively reduces both dark current (≈10 times lower) and onset of avalanche electric field, leading to higher carrier multiplication, photogain, quantum efficiency, and S/N ratio. For the BP–Au‐NPs APD, it is obtained that the external quantum efficiency (EQE) is 382 and the responsivity is 160 A W ‐1 at an electric field of 5 kV cm ‐1 (V d ≈ 3.5 V, note that for the BP APD, EQE = 4.77 and responsivity = 2 A W ‐1 obtained at the same electric field). The significantly increased performance of the BP APD is promising for low‐power‐consumption, high‐sensitivity, and low‐noise photodevice applications, which can enable high‐performance optical communication and imaging systems.