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3D Fabrication of Fully Iron Magnetic Microrobots
Author(s) -
Alcântara Carlos C. J.,
Kim Sangwon,
Lee Sunkey,
Jang Bumjin,
Thakolkaran Prakash,
Kim JinYoung,
Choi Hongsoo,
Nelson Bradley J.,
Pané Salvador
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201805006
Subject(s) - biocompatibility , materials science , fabrication , 3d printed , nanotechnology , 3d printing , magnetic field , magnetic nanoparticles , composite material , biomedical engineering , metallurgy , nanoparticle , medicine , alternative medicine , physics , pathology , quantum mechanics
Biocompatibility and high responsiveness to magnetic fields are fundamental requisites to translate magnetic small‐scale robots into clinical applications. The magnetic element iron exhibits the highest saturation magnetization and magnetic susceptibility while exhibiting excellent biocompatibility characteristics. Here, a process to reliably fabricate iron microrobots by means of template‐assisted electrodeposition in 3D‐printed micromolds is presented. The 3D molds are fabricated using a modified two‐photon absorption configuration, which overcomes previous limitations such as the use of transparent substrates, low writing speeds, and limited depth of field. By optimizing the geometrical parameters of the 3D molds, metallic structures with complex features can be fabricated. Fe microrollers and microswimmers are realized that demonstrate motion at ≈20 body lengths per second, perform 3D motion in viscous environments, and overcome higher flow velocities than those of “conventional 3D printed helical microswimmers.” The cytotoxicity of these microrobots is assessed by culturing them with human colorectal cancer (HCT116) cells for four days, demonstrating their good biocompatibility characteristics. Finally, preliminary results regarding the degradation of iron structures in simulated gastric acid liquid are provided.