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Fading Mechanisms and Voltage Hysteresis in FeF 2 –NiF 2 Solid Solution Cathodes for Lithium and Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Huang Qiao,
Pollard Travis P.,
Ren Xiaolei,
Kim Doyoub,
Magasinski Alexandre,
Borodin Oleg,
Yushin Gleb
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201804670
Subject(s) - cathode , materials science , lithium (medication) , electrolyte , anode , electrochemistry , gravimetric analysis , hysteresis , energy storage , ion , nanotechnology , electrode , chemical engineering , chemistry , thermodynamics , medicine , power (physics) , physics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics , engineering , endocrinology
The rapid development of ultrahigh‐capacity alloying or conversion‐type anodes in rechargeable lithium (Li)‐ion batteries calls for matching cathodes for next‐generation energy storage devices. The high volumetric and gravimetric capacities, low cost, and abundance of iron (Fe) make conversion‐type iron fluoride (FeF 2 and FeF 3 )‐based cathodes extremely promising candidates for high specific energy cells. Here, the substantial boost in the capacity of FeF 2 achieved with the addition of NiF 2 is reported. A systematic study of a series of FeF 2 –NiF 2 solid solution cathodes with precisely controlled morphology and composition reveals that the presence of Ni may undesirably accelerate capacity fading. Using a powerful combination of state‐of‐the‐art analytical techniques in combination with the density functional theory calculations, fundamental mechanisms responsible for such a behavior are uncovered. The unique insights reported in this study highlight the importance of careful selection of metals and electrolytes for optimizing electrochemical properties of metal fluoride cathodes.