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Mineral‐Templated 3D Graphene Architectures for Energy‐Efficient Electrodes
Author(s) -
Zhang Mingchao,
Chen Ke,
Wang Chunya,
Jian Muqiang,
Yin Zhe,
Liu Zhenglian,
Hong Guo,
Liu Zhongfan,
Zhang Yingying
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201801009
Subject(s) - calcination , supercapacitor , materials science , graphene , power density , capacitance , electrode , nanotechnology , porosity , chemical engineering , electrochemistry , monolith , fabrication , catalysis , composite material , chemistry , power (physics) , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology
3D graphene networks have shown extraordinary promise for high‐performance electrochemical devices. Herein, the chemical vapor deposition synthesis of a highly porous 3D graphene foam (3D‐GF) using naturally abundant calcined Iceland crystal as the template is reported. Intriguingly, the Iceland crystal transforms to CaO monolith with evenly distributed micro/meso/macropores through the releasing of CO 2 at high temperature. Meanwhile, the hierarchical structure of the calcined template could be easily tuned under different calcination conditions. By precisely inheriting fine structure from the templates, the as‐prepared 3D‐GF possesses a tunable hierarchical porosity and low density. Thus, the hierarchical pores offer space for guest hybridization and provide an efficient pathway for ion/charge transport in typical energy conversion/storage systems. The 3D‐GF skeleton electrode hybridized with Ni(OH) 2 /Co(OH) 2 through an optimal electrodeposition condition exhibits a high specific capacitance of 2922.2 F g −1 at a scan rate of 10 mV s −1 , and 2138.4 F g −1 at a discharge current density of 3.1 A g −1 . The hybrid 3D‐GF symmetry supercapacitor shows a high energy density of 83.0 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 1011.3 W kg −1 and 31.4 Wh kg −1 at a high power density of 18 845.2 W kg −1 . The facile fabrication process enables the mass production of hierarchical porous 3D‐GF for high‐performance supercapacitors.