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High Relaxivity Gadolinium‐Polydopamine Nanoparticles
Author(s) -
Wang Zhao,
Carniato Fabio,
Xie Yijun,
Huang Yuran,
Li Yiwen,
He Sha,
Zang Nanzhi,
Rinehart Jeffrey D.,
Botta Mauro,
Gianneschi Nathan C.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201701830
Subject(s) - gadolinium , materials science , nanoparticle , nuclear magnetic resonance , magnetic nanoparticles , metal , magnetic resonance imaging , relaxation (psychology) , particle (ecology) , antiferromagnetism , nanotechnology , condensed matter physics , physics , geology , metallurgy , radiology , medicine , psychology , social psychology , oceanography
This study reports the preparation of a series of gadolinium‐polydopamine nanoparticles (GdPD‐NPs) with tunable metal loadings. GdPD‐NPs are analyzed by nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion and with a 7‐tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. A relaxivity of 75 and 10.3 mM −1 s −1 at 1.4 and 7 T is observed, respectively. Furthermore, superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry is used to study intraparticle magnetic interactions and determine the GdPD‐NPs consist of isolated metal ions even at maximum metal loadings. From these data, it is concluded that the observed high relaxivities arise from a high hydration state of the Gd(III) at the particle surface, fast rate of water exchange, and negligible antiferromagnetic coupling between Gd(III) centers throughout the particles. This study highlights design parameters and a robust synthetic approach that aid in the development of this scaffold for T 1 ‐weighted, high relaxivity MRI contrast agents.