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Simulated Sunlight‐Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Melanoma Skin Cancer by Titanium‐Dioxide‐Nanoparticle–Gold‐Nanocluster–Graphene Heterogeneous Nanocomposites
Author(s) -
Cheng Yan,
Chang Yun,
Feng Yanlin,
Liu Ning,
Sun Xiujuan,
Feng Yuqing,
Li Xi,
Zhang Haiyuan
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201603935
Subject(s) - titanium dioxide , sunlight , photodynamic therapy , materials science , melanoma , nanomedicine , nanoparticle , reactive oxygen species , nanotechnology , nanocomposite , colloidal gold , photochemistry , cancer research , chemistry , medicine , biochemistry , optics , physics , organic chemistry , metallurgy
Simulated sunlight has promise as a light source able to alleviate the severe pain associated with patients during photodynamic therapy (PDT); however, low sunlight utilization efficiency of traditional photosensitizers dramatically limits its application. Titanium‐dioxide‐nanoparticle–gold‐nanocluster–graphene (TAG) heterogeneous nanocomposites are designed to efficiently utilize simulated sunlight for melanoma skin cancer PDT. The narrow band gap in gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), and staggered energy bands between Au NCs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs), and graphene can result in efficient utilization of simulated sunlight and separation of electron–hole pairs, facilitating the production of abundant hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Under irradiation of simulated sunlight, TAG nanocomposites can trigger a series of toxicological responses in mouse B16F1 melanoma cells, such as intracellular reactive oxygen species production, glutathione depletion, heme oxygenase‐1 expression, and mitochondrial dysfunctions, resulting in severe cell death. Furthermore, intravenous or intratumoral administration of biocompatible TAG nanocomposites in B16F1‐tumor‐xenograft‐bearing mice can significantly inhibit tumor growth and cause severe pathological tumor tissue changes. All of these results demonstrate prominent simulated sunlight‐mediated PDT effects.