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Controlling Nucleation and Growth of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Author(s) -
Sakai Nobuya,
Wang Zhiping,
Burlakov Victor M.,
Lim Jongchul,
McMeekin David,
Pathak Sandeep,
Snaith Henry J.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201602808
Subject(s) - halide , perovskite (structure) , materials science , energy conversion efficiency , thin film , nucleation , crystallization , heterojunction , chemical engineering , crystallography , inorganic chemistry , optoelectronics , nanotechnology , chemistry , organic chemistry , engineering
Metal halide perovskite thin films can be crystallized via a broad range of solution‐based routes. However, the quality of the final films is strongly dependent upon small changes in solution composition and processing parameters. Here, this study demonstrates that a fractional substitution of PbCl 2 with PbI 2 in the 3CH 3 NH 3 I:PbCl 2 mixed‐halide starting solution has a profound influence upon the ensuing thin‐film crystallization. The presence of PbI 2 in the precursor induces a uniform distribution of regular quadrilateral‐shaped CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite crystals in as‐cast films, which subsequently grow to form pinhole‐free perovskite films with highly crystalline domains. With this new formulation of 3CH 3 NH 3 I:0.98PbCl 2 :0.02PbI 2 , this study achieves a 19.1% current–voltage measured power conversion efficiency and a 17.2% stabilized power output in regular planar heterojunction solar cells.
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