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Fe III ‐Doped Two‐Dimensional C 3 N 4 Nanofusiform: A New O 2 ‐Evolving and Mitochondria‐Targeting Photodynamic Agent for MRI and Enhanced Antitumor Therapy
Author(s) -
Ma Zhifang,
Zhang Mengchao,
Jia Xiaodan,
Bai Jing,
Ruan Yudi,
Wang Chao,
Sun Xuping,
Jiang Xiue
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201601681
Subject(s) - photodynamic therapy , in vivo , photosensitizer , mitochondrion , in vitro , magnetic resonance imaging , materials science , cancer research , cancer cell , hela , biophysics , cancer , nanotechnology , chemistry , medicine , biochemistry , biology , photochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , organic chemistry , radiology
Local hypoxia in tumors, as well as the short lifetime and limited action region of 1 O 2 , are undesirable impediments for photodynamic therapy (PDT), leading to a greatly reduced effectiveness. To overcome these adversities, a mitochondria‐targeting, H 2 O 2 ‐activatable, and O 2 ‐evolving PDT nanoplatform is developed based on Fe III ‐doped two‐dimensional C 3 N 4 nanofusiform for highly selective and efficient cancer treatment. The ultrahigh surface area of 2D nanosheets enhances the photosensitizer (PS) loading capacity and the doping of Fe III leads to peroxidase mimetics with excellent catalytic performance towards H 2 O 2 in cancer cells to generate O 2 . As such tumor hypoxia can be overcome and the PDT efficacy is improved, whilst at the same time endowing the PDT theranostic agent with an effective T 1 ‐weighted in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ability. Conjugation with a mitochondria‐targeting agent could further increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to 1 O 2 by enhanced mitochondria dysfunction. In vitro and in vivo anticancer studies demonstrate an outstanding therapeutic effectiveness of the developed PDT agent, leading to almost complete destruction of mouse cervical tumor. This development offers an attractive theranostic agent for in vivo MRI and synergistic photodynamic therapy toward clinical applications.