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Chloride Ion Mediated Synthesis of Metal/Semiconductor Hybrid Nanocrystals
Author(s) -
Hinrichs Dominik,
Galchenko Michael,
Kodanek Torben,
Naskar Suraj,
Bigall Nadja C.,
Dorfs Dirk
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201600430
Subject(s) - nucleation , materials science , cadmium acetate , platinum , nanoparticle , chloride , nanocrystal , transmission electron microscopy , chemical engineering , semiconductor , cobalt , metal , platinum nanoparticles , nanotechnology , inorganic chemistry , cadmium , chemistry , metallurgy , catalysis , organic chemistry , optoelectronics , engineering
A synthetic route to prepare metal–semiconductor hybrid nanoparticles is presented, along with the possibility to tune the ratio of primary to secondary nucleation and the morphology of the semiconductor material grown on the metal nanoparticle seeds. Gold and cobalt‐platinum nanoparticles are employed as metal seeds, on which CdS or CdSe is grown. Using transmission electron microscopy, absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis), and powder X‐ray diffraction as characterization techniques, a significant influence of chloride ions on the type of nucleation (that is, secondary or primary nucleation) as well as on the shape of the resulting heterostructures is observed. Partially replacing the commonly used cadmium precursor CdO by varying amounts of CdCl 2 opens access to rod‐like, multiarmed, flower‐like, and bullet‐like structures. The results suggest that neither pure CdO nor pure CdCl 2 as precursors but only a mixture of both make these structures obtainable. In this article, the influence of the chloride ion concentration during semiconductor growth on metal seeds is investigated in depth. The morphology of the resulting heterostructures is characterized carefully, and a growth mechanism is suggested. Furthermore, it is shown that this synthetic approach can be transferred to seeds of various metals such as platinum, gold, and cobalt platinum.